Kennerly H. Digges, Ph.D., P.E.
President of Automotive Safety Research Institute
EDUCATION
BS
Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1955
MS
Mechanical Engineering, Ohio State University, 1962
Ph.D.
Mechanical Engineering, Ohio State University, 1971
Post
Doctoral Fellow, Bio-Engineering, Oxford University, 1983
EXPERIENCE
Since 2002 served as President of the Automotive Safety Research Institute (ASRI) and Director of Research.. Director of Biomechanics and Auto Safety Research, at the The George Washington University's FHWA/NHTSA National Crash Analysis Center from 1992 to 2016. This position involved teaching graduate courses, and conducting research. The research investigated on-the-road vehicle collisions to determine the performance of safety systems and analyzed crash tests and mass accident data to assess safety performance of vehicles. The research at George Washington University and ASRI analyzes data from actual crashes and applies computer modeling of human occupants in motor vehicle crashes to develop improved models and safety equipment.
From 1992 to 2015 served as Research Director for the William Lehman Injury Research Center, University of Miami Medical Center. This CIREN Center investigated motor vehicle crashes and conducted research to identify injury causation and to improve injury recognition. Subsequently, conducted similar research for BMW.
Retired after thirty‑three years of federal and military service. Virtually all service involved conducting or directing research. Fourteen years were as a Senior Executive at The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) directing research to support safety and fuel economy regulations. Nineteen years were at Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio where he conducted research and authored reports on an air cushion landing gear for aircraft. .
Author or
contributor to more than 200 technical
papers on auto safety.
PUBLICATIONS
Digges K, Dalmotas D, and
Prased P, "An NCAP Rating for Females", Proceedings of the 27th ESV
Conference, Paper Number 23-0323, April 2023
Dalmotas D, and Digges H,
"How Gender Preferences for Vehicle Size/Class Influence Fatality
Outcome", Proceedings of the 27th ESV Conference, Paper Number 23-0337,
April 2023
Digges K, Bahouth G, and Vahabaghaie A, “Changes in Crash
Protection with Vehicle Model Year”, Proceedings
of the 26th ESV Conference, Paper Number 19-0269, June 2019
Digges K,
Dalmotas D, and Prasad P, “Application of Multiple Rib Gages to Improve
Chest Injury Measurements ”, Proceedings
of the 26th ESV Conference, Paper Number 19-0266, June 2019
Mattos G,
Friedman K, Digges K, Nash
C, Jordan A, “Repeatability of the Carousel Dynamic Stability and Rollover
Test Device ”, Proceedings
of the 26th ESV Conference, Paper Number 19-0330, June 2019
Digges K, Dalmotas D, Prasad P and Mueller
B; “The Need to Control Belt Routing for Silver NCAP Ratings”, Proceedings
of the 25th ESV Conference, Paper Number 17-0403, June 2017
Eigen
A, and Digges K, “Opportunities for Injury Reduction in Rollover Crashes”
Paper Number15-0284, Proceedings
of the 24th ESV Conference,
June
2015
Bahouth G, Murakhovskiy
D, Digges K,
Rist H, and Wiik R,
“Opportunities for Reducing Far-side Casualties”, Proceedings
of the 24th ESV Conference, Paper Number 15-0444, 2015
Morgan R, Cui C, Digges K, Cao
L, and Kan C, “Foot and
Ankle Injuries to Drivers in Between-Rail Crashes,” SAE Paper
2013-01-1243, 2013
Digges K, Tahan F,
Grzebieta R, Bambach M,
Mattos G, McIntosh A, “Crash Damage Patterns Associated with Chest
Injuries in Far-Side Rollovers”, Paper
Number 13-0066, Proceedings
of the 23rd ESV
Conference, May 2013
Eigen A, and Digges K, “Safety
Changes in the US Vehicle Fleet by Vehicle Model Year,” Paper Number 13-0062, Proceedings
of the 23rd ESV Conference,
May
2013
Kildare
S, and Digges K, “Characteristics of Crashes with Multiple Frontal Impacts,”
Paper Number 13-0061, Proceedings
of the 23rd ESV Conference,
May
2013
Tahan
F, Cohen S, Digges K, Kan C, “Assessment of a Dynamic Test Device to Evaluate
Vehicle Rollover Safety,” Paper Number 13-0398, Proceedings
of the 23rd ESV Conference,
May
2013
Grzebieta
R, Bambach M, Mattos G, McIntosh A,
Simmons K, Rechnitzer G, Digges K, “Replicating Real World Rollover Crash
Injuries,” Paper Number 13-0098, Proceedings
of the 23rd ESV Conference,
May
2013
Bahouth
G, Digges K, Schulman C, “Influence of Injury Risk Thresholds on the
Performance of an Algorithm to Predict Crashes with Serious Injuries,” 56th
Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine,
p223-230, October 2012
Eigen
A, and Digges K, “Safety Changes in the Vehicle Fleet Since Model Year 1990,
based on NASS Data,” 56th Proceedings of
the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine”, p241-254,
October 2012
Morgan
R, Cui C, Digges K, Cao L, and Kan C., “Impact and Injury Patterns in
Between-Rails Frontal Crashed of Vehicles with Good Ratings for Frontal Crash
Protection”, 56th Proceedings of the
Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine”, p255- 266,
October 2012
Tahan F, Yan L, Digges, K,
“Selective Sensitivity Study of the Jordon Rollover System - Comparison with
Un-Constrained Model - Different Road Surface Mass and Yaw Angle,” TRB Paper,
January, 2012
Bahouth
G, Digges K, Schulman C, “Influence of Injury Risk Thresholds on the
Performance of an Algorithm to Predict Crashes with Serious Injuries,” 56th
Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine,
p223-230, October 2012
Digges,
K., Augenstein, J., Hardy, W., Cavanaugh, J., Jermakian, J., Echemendia, C.,
and, Shah, C., “Measurement of Aortic Injuries in Lower Severity Near-Side
Impacts”, Paper Number 11-0265 Proceedings of the 22nd
ESV Conference, June
2011
Paul
Scullion, P., Morgan, R., Digges, K., and
Augenstein,
J., Digges, K., Bahouth, G., Cui, X., Higuchi, K., Hiromasa, T., St. Lawrence,
S., “Occupant Injuries in Frontal Crashes by Age, Weight and BMI”,
Paper Number 11-0390, Proceedings
of the 22nd ESV
Conference, June 2011
Digges,
K., Radwan, R., Marzougui, D., Scullion, P., and Kan, C., “Recent Trends in
Rollover Crashes and Overview of Involvement with Highway Features: Phase I
Study”, DTFH61-09-D-00001, TOPR No.7, GW NCAC Report to FHWA, April, 2011
Scullion P, Morgan R, Digges K, and Kan C, “Frontal Crash Protection
in Pre-1998 Vehicles versus 1998 and Later Vehicles,” SAE Paper 2010-01-0142,
2010
Cuadrado
J, Smyth B, Smith J, and Digges K, “Validation of Sled Tests for Far-Side
Occupant Kinematics Using MADYMO,” SAE Paper 2010-01-1160, 2010
Samaha
R, Digges K, Fesich T, Authaler M, “Frontal Crash Testing and Vehicle Safety
Designs: A Historical Perspective Based on Crash Test Studies,” SAE Paper 2010
01-1024, 2010
Raj
P, and Digges K, “Characteristics of Frontal Crashes with Serious Injuries and
Airbag Non-deployment” SAE Paper 2010-01-1048, 2010
Digges,
K., “Opportunities for Safety Innovations Based on Real World Crash Data”, 4th
International Expert Symposium on Accident Research,
Dalmotas
D. Prasad P, Augenstein J, Digges K,
“Assessing the Field Relevance of Testing Protocols and Injury Risk Functions
Employed in New Car Assessment Programs,” 4th
International Expert Symposium on Accident Research, Hanover, Germany,
September, 2010
Tahan,
F, Digges K, Mohan P, “Comparison
between the Jordon Rollover System and No Structure Constraints Rollover -
Finite Element Model Based Analysis,” ICRASH
Conference, September, 2010
Sahraie
E, Digges K, Marzougui D, and Kan, C, “Evaluating Effect of Structural Changes
in the Vehicle on the Safety of Rear Seat Occupants in Frontal Crashes”, ICRASH
Conference, September, 2010
Sahraie
E, Digges K, and Marzougui D, “Reduced Protection for Belted Occupants in Rear
Seats Relative to Front Seats of New Model Year Vehicles,” 54th Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive
Medicine, October 2010
Prasad
P, Mertz H, Dalmotas D, Augenstein J, Digges K, “Evaluation of
the Field Relevance of Several Injury Risk Functions,” Stapp
Car Crash Journal, Vol. 54 November 2010
Digges,
K., “Fire Occurrence in Side Crashes Based on NASS/CDS”, SAE 2009-01-0008,
SAE Publication SP-2227, Fire Safety, 2009, pp. 1-6, April 2009
Sahraie,
E., and Digges, K. “Trend of Rear Occupant Protection in Frontal Crashes over
Model Years of Vehicles”, SAE 2009-01-0377, April 2009
Rauscher, S,
Messner, G., Baur, P.,
Augenstein, J., Digges, K., Perdeck,
E., Bahouth, B., and Pieske, O., “Enhanced
Automatic Collision Notification System – Improved Rescue Care Due To Injury
Prediction – First Field Experience”,
Paper Number: 09-0049, Proceedings of the 21st
ESV Conference, June
2009
Augenstein, J., Perdeck,
E., Digges, K., and Bahouth, G., “Opportunities
for Protecting the Right Front Passenger in Frontal Crashes”, Paper Number: 09-0410, Proceedings of the 21st
ESV Conference, June
2009
Digges,
K., Echemendia, C., Fildes, B., and Pintar, F., “A Safety Rating for Far-Side
Crashes”, Paper Number 09-0217, Proceedings
of the 21st
ESV Conference, June
2009
Digges, K. and Stephenson,
R., “Fireworthiness: A
Final Report on the Technology Base”, Paper Number 09-0211, Proceedings
of the 21st
ESV Conference, June
2009
Digges,
K., and Stephenson, R., “The Basis for a Fluid Integrity NCAP Rating”, Paper
Number 09-0215, Proceedings
of the 21st
ESV Conference, June
2009
Digges, K., “Crashes That Result in
Fires”, Paper Number 09-0214, Proceedings
of the 21st
ESV Conference, June
2009
Scullion, P., Nix, L.,
Morgan, R., Nagabhushana, V., Digges, K.,
Blum, J., Scullion, P., Morgan, R., Digges, K., and
Sahraei
E, Soudbakhsh K, Digges K, “Protection
of Rear-seat Occupants in Frontal Crashes, Controlling for Occupant and Crash
Characteristics,” Stapp Car Crash
Journal, Vol. 53, p.75-92, 2009
Digges
K, Sahraei E, and Samaha R, “Opportunities to Improve Rear Seat Child
Safety,” 7th International Conference,
Protection of Children of Cars, Munich, Germany, December, 2009
Sahraei,
E, Soudbakhsh K, Digges K, “NCAP Star Rating and Safety of Rear Seat
Occupants,” Proceedings of the ASME 2009
Bioengineering Conference (SBC2009-206582), June, 2009
Digges,
K., “Fire Occurrence in Frontal Crashes Based on NASS/CDS”, SAE
2008-01-0256, SAE Publication SP-2166, Fire Safety, 2008, pp. 9-16, April 2008
Galli,
R., and Digges, K., “Severe Head and Neck Injuries in NASS Rear Impacts”,
SAE 2008- 01-0190, April 2008
Mostafa,
K., Digges, K., and Motevalli, V., “Evaluating Frontal Crash
Test Force-Deformation Data for Vehicle to Vehicle Frontal Crash
Compatibility”, SAE 2008-01-0813, April 2008
Scallion,
P., Morgan, R., Nagabhushana, V., Digges, K.,
Warren N. Hardy, Chirag S.
Shah, Matthew J. Mason, James M. Kopacz, King H. Yang, Albert I. King Chris A.
Van Ee, Jennifer L. Bishop, Richard F. Banglmaier, Michael J. Bey, Richard M.
Morgan and Kennerly H. Digges “Mechanisms of Traumatic Rupture of the Aorta
and Associated Peri-isthmic Motion and Deformation”, Proceedings of the 2008
Stapp Conference, November, 2008
Bostrom,
O., Gabler, H., Digges, K., Fildes, B., Sunnevang,
C., “Opportunities of Far side Impact
Countermeasures”, 52nd
Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine”,
October 2008
Digges,
K.,
Fildes, B., “The
Technology Base for Far-Side Occupant Protection”, Paper 08-0131, Proceedings
of the 2008 FISITA Conference, June, 2008
Digges,
K., and Kildare, S., “Fire Occurrence in Rollover Crashes Based on NASS/CDS”,
SAE 2007-01-0875, April 2007
Digges, K., Stephenson, R, “Recent MVFRI
Research in Crash-Induced
Vehicle Fire Safety”, SAE 2007-01-0880, April 2007
Alonso,
B, Stratton, J., and Digges, K., “New Method for Vehicle Inspection for
Incompatible Crashes”, SAE 2007-01-1184, April 2007
Digges,
K., “Technologies to Improve Impact Related Fire Safety”, Paper, 07-0480, 20th
ESV Conference, June 2007
Digges,
K., and Eigen, A., “Injuries in Rollovers by Crash Severity”, Paper,
07-0236, 20th ESV Conference,
June 2007
Radwan,
R., Kazuyoshi, K., and Digges, K., “Opportunities for Safety Improvements in
Motorcycle Crashes in the
Fildes,
B., Fitzharris, M., Gabler, H., Digges, K., and Smith, S., “Chest and
Abdominal Injuries in Far-side Crashes”, Paper, 07-0384, 20th ESV Conference, June 2007
Augenstein,
J., Digges, K. Perdeck, E., Stratton, J., and Bahouth G., “Application of ACN
Data to Improve Vehicle Safety and Occupant Care” Paper, 07-0512, 20th
ESV Conference, June 2007
Augenstein,
J., Perdeck, E., Digges, K. and Bahouth G., “Age Appropriate Restraints for
the Right Front Passenger”, 51th
Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine”,
October 2007
Digges, K., Welsh, R, and Morris, A., “Low Severity Crashes that Cause Injury to Elderly Occupants”, Proceedings of the 2007 IRCOBI Conference, October 2007
Pintar,
F., Yoganandan , N.,
Stemper, B., Bostrom , O.,
Rouhana , S., Smith, S.,
Digges, K., Fildes, B., “Far Side
Impact Response and Dummy Biofidelity”,
Proceedings of the 2007
Stapp Car Crash Conference, October, 2007
Digges, K., Gabler, H., “Opportunities
for Reducing Casualties in Far-side Crashes”, SAE 2006-01-0450, April 2006
Digges, K., Stephenson, R, “Summary of
Research in Crash-Induced
Vehicle Fire Safety”, SAE 2006-01-0551, April 2006
Digges, K., and Eigen, A., “The Injury Risk from Objects Impacted Before and During Rollovers”, Proceedings of the 2006 IRCOBI Conference, October, 2006
Augenstein, J, Digges,
K., Bahouth, G, and Perdeck,
E. “Residual Injuries after Recent Safety Improvements” 50th
Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine”,
p353-364, October 2006
Digges, K., and Eigen, A., “Classification
of Rollover According to Crash Severity,”
50th Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive
Medicine”, p141-154, October 2006
Pintar,
F., Yoganandan, Y., Stemper, B., Bostrum, O., Rouhana, S., Smith, S., Sparke,
L., Fildes, B., Digges, K, , “Worldsid Assessment of Far Side Impact
Countermeasures”, 50th
Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine”,
p199-220, October 2006.
Hardy
W., N., Shah, C., S., Kopacz, J. M., Yang, K., H., Van, C., A., Morgan,
M., R., Digges, K. H., “Study of Potential Mechanisms of Traumatic
Rupture of the Aorta Using In Situ Experiments”, Fiftieth
Stapp Car Crash Conference, April 2006
Gabler,
H., Digges, K., Fildes, B., and
Digges, K., Stephenson, R, and Bedewi, P.,
“Research Programs in Crash-Induced Fire Safety”, SAE 2005-01-1425, April 2005
Digges, K., Stephenson, R, “A Research
Program to Study Impact Related Fire Safety”, Paper 05-0448, 19th
ESV Conference, June 2005
Digges, K., Eigen, A., and Dahdah, S., “Injury Patterns In Rollovers By
Crash Severity”, Paper 05-0355,
19th ESV Conference, June 2005
Bahouth,
J, and Digges, K., ”Characteristics
of Multiple Impact Crashes That Produce Serious Injuries”,
Paper 05-0419,
19th ESV Conference, June 2005
Augenstein,
J, Bahouth, G, and Perdeck, E,
Digges, K., “Injury
Identification: Priorities For
Data Transmitted”,
Paper
05-0355, 19th
ESV Conference, June 2005
Fildes,
B. , Linder, A., Douglas, K., Digges, K, Morgan, R., Pintar, F., Yoganandan, Y.,
Gabler, C., Duma, S., Stitzel, J., Bostrum, O., Sparke, L., Smith, S., Newland,
C., “Occupant Protection in Far-side Crashes”, ESV Conference Paper 05-0299,
June 2005
Gabler,
C., Fitzharris, M., Scully, J., Fildes, B., Digges, K., Sparke, L., “Far-side
Impact Risk for Belted Occupants in
Digges,.
K., Gabler, H., Mohan, P., and
Alonso, B., “Characteristics of the Injury Environment in Far-Side
Crashes”, 49th
Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine”,
p185-214, September 2005
Augenstein, J., Digges,
K., Bahouth, G, Perdeck, E, Dalmotas,
D, and Stratton, J., “Investigation
of the Performance of Safety Systems For Protection of The Elderly” 49th
Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine”,
p361-370, September 2005
Digges, K., and Eigen, A., “Severity Measurements for Rollover Crashes,” Proceedings of the International Research Council on Biomechanics of Impact, September 2005
Digges, K., Fournier, E, and others, “Research to Reduce the Vulnerability of Fuel Tanks in Crashes from All Directions”, SAE 2004-01-0475, SAE World Congress, March 2004
Digges, K., Bedewi, P., and others, “Research to Understand Injury Mechanisms in Rollover Crashes”, SAE 2004-01-0330, SAE World Congress, March 2004.
Augenstein, J, Digges, K., and others, “Using CIREN Data to Assess the Performance of the Second Generation Air Bags”, SAE 2004-01-0842, SAE World Congress, March 2004.
Augenstein, J, and
Digges, K. “The Potential Benefits of Automatic Crash Notification to the
Medical Care of Patients”, 2003 VDI Conference, November, 2003.
Digges, K. and Bahouth G., ”Frequency of Injuries in Multiple Impact Crashes”, 47th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, p. 417-424, September, 2003.
Augenstein, J, Digges, K., Bahouth, G. and others, “Characteristics of Crashes that Increase the Risk of Injury”, 47th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, p. 561-576, September, 2003
Augenstein, J, and
Digges, K. “Performance of Advanced Air Bags, Based on Data from William
Lehman Injury Research Center and New NASS PSU’s”, 47th Annual
Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine,
p. 99-101, September, 2003.
Digges, K., Fournier, E, and others, “Research To Evaluate Safety Technologies for Vulnerable Fuel Tanks”, Paper 230, Proceedings of the ESV Conference, May, 2003.
Digges, K., Bedewi, P, and Stephenson, R., “Fire Safety
Performance of Vehicles in Crashes”, Paper 422, Proceedings of the ESV
Conference, May, 2003.
Digges, K., and Eigen, A., “Crash Attributes that Influence the Severity of Rollovers”, Paper 231, Proceedings of the ESV Conference, May, 2003.
Augenstein, J, Digges,
K., Steps, J. and others, “Crash Attributes that Influence Aortic
Injuries in Near-Side Crashes”, Paper 232, Proceedings of the ESV
Conference, May, 2003.
Augenstein, J,
Digges, K., Bahouth, G. and others, “Methodology for the Development
and Validation of Injury Predicting Algorithms”, Paper 467, Proceedings of
the ESV Conference, May, 2003.
Bedewi, P., Godrick, D, Digges, K., and Bahouth, G., “An Investigation of Occupant Injury in Rollover: NASS-CDS Analysis Of Injury Severity And Source By Rollover Attributes”, Paper 491, Proceedings of the ESV Conference, May, 2003.
Champion, H., Augenstein, J,
Digges, and others,
“Reducing Highway Deaths and Disabilities with Automatic Wireless Transmission
of Serious Injury Probability Ratings from Vehicles in Crashes to EMS”, Paper
406, Proceedings of the ESV Conference, May, 2003.
Digges,K., and Bahouth, G., “Stiffness and Geometric
Incompatibility in Collisions Between Cars and Light Trucks” SAE 2003
01-0907, March 2003.
Augenstein, J,
Digges, K., Bahouth, G. and others, “Validation of the URGENCY
Algorithm for Near Side Crashes, 46th Annual Proceedings of the Association
for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, p. 305-314, October, 2002.
Digges,K., Eigen. A, and Bahouth, G., “Stiffness and
Geometric Compatibility in Front to Side Crashes” SAE 2002 02-130, March 2002.
Augenstein, J., Digges, K., and others, “Performance of
Depowered Air Bags in Real World Crashes”, SAE
2002 01-0188, March 2002.
Digges, K., and Eigen, A., “Measurement of Vehicle
Compatibility in Front to Side Crashes, Proceedings of the 2001 IRCOBI
Conference, Isle of Man, October, 2001.
Fildes, B., Digges, K., Kess, M., and
Tingvall, C., “Benefits of a 64K Offset Test in
Digges, K., “The URGENCY Algorithm, a Thermometer for
Trauma”, Proceedings of the Annual VDI
Digges, K., and
Dalmotas, D., “Injuries To Restrained Occupants In Far-Side Crashes”,
Paper Number 351, ESV Conference, June 2001.
Digges, K., and Eigen.,
A., “Measurements of Stiffness and Geometric Compatibility In Front-To-Side
Crashes” Paper Number 349, ESV
Conference, June 2001.
Augenstein, J,
Digges, K., and others, “Development and Validation of the Urgency
Algorithm to Predict Compelling Injuries”, Paper Number 350, ESV
Conference, June 2001.
Digges, K., and Eigen.,
A., “Examination of Car to Light truck Compatibility in Frontal Crashes”,
SAE 2001-01-1165, March, 2001.
Augenstein, J, Digges, K., and others, “Injuries to Restrained Occupants in Far-Side Collision”, 44th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, October, 2000.
Augenstein, J, Digges, K., and others, “Dummy Measurements of Chest Injuries Induced by Two-Point Belt Systems”, 44th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, October, 2000.
Digges, K., and Eigen,
A., “Load Cell Barrier
Measurements of Geometric Compatibility”, Vehicle Safety 2000, I Mech E Conference Transactions, p.19-29, June 2000.
Augenstein, J, Digges, K., and others, “Injury Patterns in Near-side Collisions”, SP –1518, SAE 2000-01-0634, March 2000.
Digges,
K., Eigen, A., and Harrison, J., “Application
of Load Cell Barrier Data to Assess Vehicle Crash Performance and
Compatibility”, SAE, 1999-01-0720, March, 1999.
Malliaris,
A., and Digges, K., “Crash Exposure and Crashworthiness of Sport Utility
Vehicles”, SAE, 1999-01-0063, March, 1999.
Augenstein,
J, Digges, K., and others, “Injury
Patterns Among Belted Drivers Protected by Air Bags in 30 to 35 mph Crashes”,
SAE, 1999-01-1062, March, 1999.
Champion,
H., Augenstein, A., Cushing, B., Digges, K., Hunt, R., Larkin, R. Malliaris, A.,
Sacco, W., and Siegel, J., “URGENCY for a Safer America”, AirMed,
pp.18-23, March/April, 1999.
Champion,
H., Augenstein, A., Cushing, B., Digges, K., Hunt, R., Larkin, R. Malliaris, A.,
Sacco, W., and Siegel, J., “Reducing Highway Deaths and Disabilities with
Automatic Wireless Transmission of Serious Injury Probability Ratings from Crash
Recorders to Emergency Medical Service Providers” Proceedings
of the International Symposium on Transportation Recorders, National
Transportation Safety Board, pp. 67-84 , May 3-5, 1999.
Bertocci, G., Szobota, S.,
Hobson, D., and Digges, K., “Computer Simulation and Sled Test Validation of a
Powerbase Wheelchair and Occupant Subjected to Frontal Crash Conditions”,
IEEE Transactions on Rehabilation Engineering, Vol7,. No2, pp. 234-244,
June, 1999.
Augenstein,
J, Digges, K., and others,
“Injuries in Near-side Collisions”, 43nd Annual
Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine,
p. 139-158, September 1999.
Bedewi,
P, and Digges, K., Investigating Ankle Injury Mechanisms in Offset Frontal
Collisions Utilizing Computer Modeling and Case-Study Data”, Proceedings of
the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference, Paper 99SC02, p. 217-242 October
1999.
Digges,
K., Noureddine, A, Eskandarian, A., and Bedewi, N., “Effect of Occupant
Position and Air Bag Inflation Parameters on Driver Injury Levels”, SAE
980637, February, 1998.
Champion,
H., Augenstein, A., Cushing, B., Digges, K., Hunt, R., Larkin, R. Malliaris, A.,
Sacco, W., and Siegel, J., “Automatic Crash Notification”, AirMed,
pp. 36-39, March/April, 1998.
Augenstein,
J., Digges, K, and others, “Injury Patterns Among Air Bag Protected
Occupants”, 16th International ESV Conference, June, 1998.
Compass,
K., Digges, K., and Malliaris, A., “Benefits of the Inflatable Tubular
Structure,” 16th International ESV Conference, June, 1998.
Seyer,
K., Fildes, B., Digges, K., and others, “Development and Benefits of a
Harmonized Side Impact Standard”, 16th International ESV Conference, June,
1998.
Morris,
A., Fildes, B., Digges, K., and others, “Injuries in Primary and Supplementary
Air Bag Systems,” 16th International ESV Conference, June, 1998.
Digges,
K, and Malliaris, A., “Crashworthiness Safety Features in Rollover Crashes”,
SAE982296, September, 1998.
Digges,
K., and Bedewi, P., “The Use of Computer Finite Element Models of Humans and
Crash Dummies for High Acceleration Biomechanics Studies”,
Proceedings of 1998 AGARD Conference on Biomechanics, Dayton, October, 1998.
Digges,
K., “Injury Measurements and Criteria”, Paper and Keynote Address,
Proceedings of 1998 AGARD Conference on Biomechanics, Dayton, October,1998.
Bedewi,
P., Miyamoto, N., Digges, K., and Bedewi, N., “Human Femur Impact and Injury
Analysis Utilizing Finite Element Modeling and Real World Case Study Data”, Proceedings
of Pamcrash Users Conference, Tokyo Japan, November 9-10, 1998.
Motevalli,
V., Digges, K., Noureddine, A., and Eigen, A., “Development of a Seat Belt
Mounted Airbag System”, International
Journal of Crashworthiness, September, 1998.
Augenstein,
A, Digges, K., and others, “Heart Injuries Among Restrained Occupants in
Frontal Crashes”, SAE970392, February 1997.
Digges,
K., Noureddine, A, and Bedewi, N., “ Chest Injury Risks to Drivers for
Alternative Air Bag Inflation Rates”, SAE97129, February, 1997.
Malliaris,
A., Digges, K., and DeBlois, H., “Relationships Between Crash Casualties and
Crash Attributes”, SAE970393, February, 1997.
Werner,
J,. Roberson, S., Ferguson, S., and Digges, K., “Injury Risks in Cars with
Different Air Bag Deployment Rates”,
SAE970491, February, 1997.
Digges,
K. and Malliaris, A., “Benefits
Analysis of the Inflatable Tubular Structure (ITS)”, K. Digges &
Associates, A Report for BMW, August 1997.
Digges,
K., and Bedewi. N., “Automotive Safety Regulations and Associated Design
Procedures in the United States”,
Proceedings of the 1st Arab International Automotive & Feeding Industries
Conference, p. 329-341, November, 1997.
Augenstein,
J., Digges, K., et.al., “Assessment of Mild Brain Injury: A Systematic Trauma
Center Approach”, Chapter 15 in
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY Bioscience and Mechanics, p. 125-137, Mary Ann
Liebert, Inc., 1996.
Werner,
J., Roberson, S., Ferguson, S., Digges, K., "Air Bag Deployment Frequency
and Injury Risks", SAE 960664, February 1996.
Malliaris,
A., DeBlois, J., Digges, K., "Air Bag Field Performance and Injury
Patterns", Paper 960659, Occupant
Protection Technologies for Frontal Impact, Current Needs and Expectations for
the 21st Century, SAE Publication SP-1144, p.73-78, February 1996.
Augenstein,
J., Digges, K., et al, "Injuries Sustained by Air Bag Protected
Drivers", Occupant Protection Technologies for Frontal Impact, Current Needs and
Expectations for the 21st Century, Paper 960660, SAE Publication SP-1144,
p.49-72, February 1996.
Malliaris,
A., DeBlois, J., Digges, K., "Light Vehicle Occupant Ejections - A
Comprehensive Investigation", Accident
Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 28, No. 1, p 1-14, January 1996.
Digges,
K., et al, "Challenges in Injury Measurement Technology for Testing of
Driver Air Bag Systems”, Fifteenth
International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Melbourne, Australia, May 1996.
Dalmotas,
D., Digges, K., et al, "Air Bag Deployment Crashes in Canada", Fifteenth
International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles,
Melbourne, Australia, May 1996.
Augenstein,
J., Digges, K., et al, "Injuries Sustained by Drivers in Air Bag
Crashes", Fifteenth International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of
Vehicles, Melbourne, Australia, May 1996.
Fildes,
B., Digges, K., "Side Impact Regulation Benefits for Australia", Fifteenth
International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles,
Melbourne, Australia, May 1996.
Rangarajan,
N., Digges, K., et al, "Design and Evaluation of an Instrumented Abdomen
for the NHTSA Advanced Dummy", Fifteenth
International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles,
Melbourne, Australia, May 1996.
Bertocci,
G., Digges, K., Hobson, D., "Shoulder Belt Anchor Location Influences on
Wheelchair Occupant Crash Protection", Journal
of Rehabilitation Research and Development, Vol. 33 No 3, p. 279-289, July
1996.
Noureddine,
A., Digges, K., and Bedewi, N., “An Evaluation of Deformation Based Chest
Injury Criteria Using a Hybrid III Finite Element Model, International
Journal of Crashworthiness, Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 181-190, 1996.
Fildes,
B., Digges, K., "The Benefits of the European Offset Regulation", 1996
International Conference on the
Biomechanics of Impact, p. 241-248, September 1996.
Ishikawa,
H., Digges, K., Ennis, J., "Vehicle Collision Force in Offset Barrier and
Car to Car Offset Tests", 1996 International
Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact", p. 189-200,
September
Bertocci,
G., Hobson, D., Digges, K., "Development of Transportable Wheelchair Design
Criteria Using Computer Crash Simulation", IEEE
Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 1-11,
September 1996.
Digges,
K., et al, Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership
for a New Generation of Vehicles, 2nd Report, National Research Council, 1996.
Fildes,
B., Digges, K., et.al. “A New Car Safety Features Rating System", 40th
Annual Proceedings of the Association for
the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, p 141-152, October, 1996.
Ishikawa,
H., Digges, K., Ennis. J., "Impact Force Vector on Offset Frontal
Collision", Transactions of Japanese Society of Automotive Engineers, October,
1996.
Digges,
K, “Air Bag Safety Performance in the United States”, Journal
of the Japan Automotive Safety Research Institute, (In Japanese), Page
19-23, October, 1996.
Augenstein,
J., Digges, K., Perdeck, E., Stratton, J, and Malliaris, A., “Application of
Biomechanics Research to Improve Triage Criteria for Crash Victims”, Fifth
Injury Prevention Through Biomechanics Symposium, Centers for Disease
Control, p. 55-62, May 1995.
Digges,
K., Mallaris, A., Ommaya, A., and
“Chest Injury Patterns Among Drivers Protected by Air Bags” TOPTEC on Advanced Air Bags, Phoenix, September, 1997.
“The Exposure & Crashworthiness of Utility Vehicles - A
Comparative Evaluation “, TOPTEC
on Sport-Utility Vehicles, Detroit, December, 1997.
“Benefits
of US. European, and Australian Side Impact Standards”, TOPTEC on Side
Impact, Phoenix, May, 1998
Vehicle
Crashworthiness in Rollovers, TOPTEC
on Rollover Crashes, San Diego, January, 1999.
Vehicle
Compatibility, AAAM Course on
Crash Investigation, Miami Fl, April 14, 2000